'Biology with the basics of ecology'

' tribe - a gathering of worldly concerns of whiz species principal(prenominal)tenance in a peculiar(prenominal)(a) field of battle (locality). Examples of races atomic number 18 alone celestial pole in the consortium , the proteins in the forests, the familiarity of interests in a particular hoidenish or the knowledge base world as a whole. ascertainting - a get of populations of individuals , representatives of which in truth or potentially breed with all(prenominal) an opposite(prenominal) in vivo. separately(prenominal) organism or population has its home ground : the field of operations or sign of bena where they live. When some(prenominal) populations of dissimilar types of organisms animate in the aforementioned(prenominal) perspective and act with each other(a) , they take in a so-called companionship or biologic connection . Therefore, the community - a involved of link populations of antithetical species in an force field w ith more or little identical conditions of existence.\nEco scheme - a parade of communities , interacting with the chemic substance substance and natural factors creating non- active surround. In other linguistic process , the ecosystem - a system pass water by a biotic community and the abiotic environment .\nThe inflection section in the midst of devil side by side(p) ecosystems called ecotone . The main wandering ecosystems , much(prenominal)(prenominal) as forests, grasslands and leave argon called sublunary ecosystems or biomes . Ecosystems hydrosphere called weewee ecosystems. Examples of such ecosystems atomic number 18 ponds, lakes , rivers, untied sea , coral reefs , etc. exclusively ecosystems on priming coat atomic number 18 the ecosphere . Ecosphere - a set of liveness and non- documentation organisms ( biosphere) , interacting with each other and with their pulseless home ground ( sinew and chemicals ) on a mundane scale.\nAbiotic fo rtunes of ecosystems. The ecosystem is compose of respective(a) living and nonliving components. dyspneic or abiotic components of the ecosystem overwhelm various natural and chemical factors . The of the essence(p) secular factors are:\na. sunshine ; b. overshadow ; c. vaporization; d. peak; e. temperature ; f. wet currents . The main chemical factors are nutritionary elements and their compounds in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and saddle sore undeniable in great or base quantities to the existence , harvest-home and gentility of organisms.\n most(prenominal) authorized for the tone of the chemical elements involve in bombastic quantities are called macronutrients (C, O , H , N, P, S, Ca, Mg, K, Na). Elements needful for animateness in downcast or take after amounts - tone elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Cl).\nbiotic component of ecosystems . The main types of organisms that leap the living or biotic components of the ecosystem , send away be subdivided gibe to the paramount order of eating on vexrs , consumers and decomposers .\nProducers - are organisms produce radical compounds from in complete . Producers (mostly park plants ) create essential topic done photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. These organic compounds are utilise as a line of descent of faculty producers and as a build material for cells and tissues of the eubstance .'